Criminology : Syllabus (Sem IV, Mumbai University)

1. Dimensions of Crime in India

• • Nature and orient of crime in India
  • General approaches to come control
  • Crimes of the powerful
  • Organised of the smuggling traffic in narcotics
  • White collar crime : corruption in public life
  • Socio-Economic crime adulteration of foods and drugs: fraudulent trade practice
  • Crimes in the profession – medical, legal, engineering.
  • Commonality by agencies of the state
  • Perpetrators o ordinary crime
  • The situations criminal
  • The chronic Tender
  • Criminality or women
  • Young offenders
  • Criminal gangs
  • Cyber Crimes

2. Causes of Criminal Behaviour

• • Nature of the problem : some unscientific theories
  • The constitutional School of Criminology-Lomborso and others (heredity and
    mental retardation as causes of crime)
  • Sociological theories Anomies
  • Modern sociological theories – Sutherland’s differential association theory.
  • Reckless social vulnerable theory
  • Economic theories and their relevance
  • Environment home and community influences, urban and rural crimes.
  • The ghetto, broken homes, the effect of motion picture T.V. and video, press narcotics and alcohol.
  • Caste and community tensions caste wars and communal riots – their causes demoralising effects, atrocities against scheduled cadres.
  • Emotional disturbance and other psychological factors
  • Multiple causation approach to crime

3. Police and the Criminal Justice

• • The police system
  • Structural organization of police at the centre and the states
  • Mode of recruitment and training
  • Powers and duties of police under the police acts, Criminal Procedure Code and other laws.
  • Arrest, search and seizure and constructional imperatives
  • Methods of police investigation
  • Third degree methods
  • Corruption in police
  • Relationship between police and prosecution
  • Liability of police for custodial violence
  • Police public relations
  • Select aspects of National Police Commission report

4. Punishment of Offenders

• • Some discarded modes of punishment
  • Corporal punishment : whipping and flogging : mutilation and
    branding
  • Transportation
  • Public execution
  • Punishments under the Indian criminal law
  • Capital Punishment
  • Imprisonment
  • Fine
  • Cancellation or withdrawal of licences
  • The prison system
  • Administrative organization of prisons
  • Mode of recruitment and training
  • The Jail Manual
  • Powers of prison officials
  • Prisoners classification – male, female : juvenile and adult : under trial and convicted prisoners
  • Constitutional imperatives and prison reforms
  • Prison management: prisoner’s right and security compulsions.
  • Open prisons
  • Prison labour
  • Violation of prison code and its consequences.
  • Appraisal of imprisonment as a mode of punishment

5. Victimology

• • Demographic characteristics of the victims
  • Compensation to the victims
  • Rehabilitation

6. Treatment or Correction of Offenders

• • The need for reformation and rehabilitation of offenders undergoing punishment/imprisonment.
  • Classification of offenders through modern diagnostic techniques
  • The role of psychoanalysts and social workers in the prison
  • Vocational and religious education and apprenticeship programmes for the offenders.
  • Group counselling and re-socialisation programmes
  • Prisoners’ organizations for self-government.
  • Participation of inmates in community services
  • An appraisal of reformative techniques
  • Efficacy of imprisonment as a measure to combat criminality and the search for substitutes.

7. Re-socialisation processes

• • Parole
  • Nature of parole
  • Authority for granting parole
  • Supervision of parolees
  • Parole and conditional release
  • Release of the offender
  • Problems of the released offender
  • Attitudes of the community towards released offender
  • Prisoner and societies and other voluntary organizations
  • Governmental action
  • An appraisal

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