S14. Electric Current & Electric Circuits | Notes | Science | VI

1. Electric Current

• Electric current is the flow of electric charge through a conductor.
• It is measured in Amperes (A) using an Ammeter.
• The direction of electric current in a circuit is taken as positive to negative (conventional current flow).

2. Sources of Electric Current

• Electric current is provided by various sources such as:
  • Cells and Batteries (Chemical sources)
  • Generators and Power Stations (Mechanical sources)
  • Solar Cells (Solar energy conversion)
• The potential difference (voltage) between two terminals drives the current in a circuit.

3. Dry Cell or Electric Cell

• A dry cell is a common portable source of electric current.
• It consists of:
  • Positive terminal (+): Carbon rod
  • Negative terminal (-): Zinc container
  • Electrolyte: A paste of ammonium chloride and manganese dioxide
• When connected to a circuit, chemical reactions inside the cell generate electricity.

4. Electric Bulb

• An electric bulb produces light when an electric current passes through it.
• It has:
  • Glass envelope: Protects the inner components
  • Filament (Tungsten wire): Glows when heated by electric current
  • Metal cap and terminals: Connects the bulb to a circuit
• The fuse wire in some bulbs prevents damage due to high current flow.

5. Electric Circuit

• An electric circuit is a closed path through which electric current flows.
• It consists of:
  • Source of electricity (Battery/Cell)
  • Conducting wires (Allow current flow)
  • Load (Device) (Bulb, fan, etc.)
  • Switch (Controls the flow of current)
• A circuit is of two types:
  • Closed Circuit: Current flows when the path is complete.
  • Open Circuit: No current flows when the path is broken.

6. Electric Switch

• A switch is a device used to control the flow of electric current in a circuit.
• When the switch is ON, the circuit is closed, and current flows.
• When the switch is OFF, the circuit is open, and no current flows.

7. Electric Circuit of a Torch

• A torch works on a simple electric circuit that includes:
  • Battery (Source of power)
  • Bulb (Produces light)
  • Switch (Controls light ON/OFF)
  • Conducting wires (Connects components)
• When the switch is turned ON, current flows, and the bulb lights up.

8. Electric Conductors and Insulators

• Conductors: Materials that allow electric current to pass through.
  • Examples: Copper, aluminum, iron, silver.
• Insulators: Materials that do not allow electric current to pass through.
  • Examples: Rubber, plastic, wood, glass.
• Conductors are used in wiring and circuits, while insulators are used for safety and covering wires.

Electric Current & Electric Circuits: Practice Test

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